It remained a quest to identify the causes of population growth. The 21st century is the era of globalization and exposure to social media which is believed to be one of the influential factors that contribute to population growth. However, there are poor areas in the Philippines which are not oriented with technology and media yet pose an increasing number of the populace. This study examined the causes and consequences of population growth in the poorest communities of the Province of Samar, Philippines. This research applied an extreme case purposive sampling since it focuses on participants who have more than five children. With the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches in a form of cross-case analysis and descriptive design utilizing a guided questionnaire as sole instrument, the study found out that causes of population growth in the said research environment are early marriage, lack of education, and bad family planning which disproved that technology is part of the problem. Along with the causes are consequences such as poverty, scarce services from the government and educational opportunities. With the salient findings, it is recommended that the local government units should strengthen family planning, address problems to the authorities, and provide equal livelihood opportunities to the residence as means of alleviating poverty. Moreover, the academe should conduct values reformation to lessen the incidence of teenage pregnancy and early marriage. It should also seek linkages to support the schooling of out-of-school members of the communities.

This study documented the survival secrets practiced by the Agays of the municipality of Lasam, Cagayan, Philippines. It employed ethnographic qualitative and descriptive survey research designs to the thirty-six Agay-informants of three communities of the Lasam Municipality. The research techniques used were the structured interview, participant observation, and documentation to support the process of data-gathering. The study found that the activities engaged by the Agays are consistent in foraging, farming, and paid labor. Basket weaving and handicraft making, wild animal hunting, and fishing were considered as their alternative sources of livelihood. They still depend on medicinal plants present in their communities to cure their ailments. The study also revealed that the Agays have their indigenous environmental management practices. It can be concluded that the Agays have their mechanisms and coping strategies to survive with the pace of time through their economic interaction with Ilocano lowlanders but remained to have hardly provided their daily needs. The environmental management practices may be adopted in the design and planning of indigenous peoples’ education curriculum. Implications of the study present a plan action or the conduct of university extension initiatives which are culture and gender sensitive.

This study evaluated the effects of Trichanthera gigantea leaf meal in quail ration with Aloe vera extract and Acid cheese whey supplementation in drinking water. Three hundred quails distributed to 15 treatments, four replications in 3x5 factorial experiments using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results showed highly significant differences among treatments. Birds fed with 15% of T. gigantea leaf meal in the diet performed well regarding final and gained weights, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and water consumption than those birds in the control. Birds with 15% and 25% T. gigantea in their feed have a delayed point of lay than those in the control. The result showed significant effects on egg length, shape index, shell thickness, surface area, breaking strength, yolk color, and cholesterol contents. Levels of Aloe vera and cheese whey in drinking water did not affect egg qualities. However, the egg of birds supplemented with 15 ml Aloe vera extract had longer egg length than the other supplementation levels. The economic and financial analysis of the study showed that birds with 15% T. gigantea leaf meal had a higher return on investment than the quails fed with 25% T. gigantea. Fifteen (15%) percent inclusion of T. gigantea leaf meal is the maximum level beneficial for growth, production and egg qualities improvement of quails.